Aspectos clínico epidemiológicos del síndrome coronario agudo: Hospital "Abel Santa María", 2006-2007 / Clinical-epidemiological aspects of the Acute Coronary Syndrome: "Abel Santamaría" University Hospital. 2006-2007

Bernardo Cruz Ledesma, Ariel E. Delgado Rodríguez, Irene C. Pastrana Román, Carlos Brown Sotolongo, William Quintero Pérez

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Resumen

Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, longitudinal y descriptivo, a fin de caracterizar los aspectos clínicos epidemiológicos de la enfermedad coronaria aguda y los cuidados de enfermería en el Hospital "Abel Santamaría" de Pinar del Río, en el período del 1º. de Julio de 2006 al 30 de junio de 2007. El universo estuvo constituido por los 1784 pacientes ingresados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Emergentes y la muestra incluyó los 300 diagnosticados de Síndrome Coronario Agudo. Los datos fueron recolectados de los expedientes clínicos y se analizaron las siguientes variables: edad, sexo, color de la piel, intervalo de tiempo entre el inicio del dolor y admisión en la Unidad de Emergencias, tipo de evento coronario agudo y complicaciones. Se utilizó el Paquete Estadístico EPI Info 6 para el manejo de datos y análisis estadístico y solicitó consentimiento informado a los pacientes. Existió predominio de la enfermedad en hombres blancos de 60 años o más. La angina inestable aguda con cambios electrocardiográficos fue la enfermedad coronaria más diagnosticada, seguida del infarto agudo del miocardio. La mayoría de los pacientes acudieron antes de las seis horas de inicio del cuadro doloroso precordial. El fallo de bomba, las arritmias ventriculares malignas y el bloqueo aurículo ventricular, constituyeron las complicaciones más frecuentes y las que mayor mortalidad provocaron.

Palabras clave: Síndromes Coronarios Agudos/Epidemiología.

ABSTRACT

A prospective, longitudinal and descriptive study was carried out aimed at characterizing the clinical-epidemiological aspects of the Acute Coronary Syndrome at "Abel Santamaria" University Hospital, Pinar del Rio during July 1st 2006 to June 30th 2007. The universe of the study was constituted by 1 784 patients admitted at the Intensive Coronary Care Unit and the sample included 300 diagnosed with Coronary Acute Syndrome. Data were collected from the clinical records of the patients and the following variables were analyzed: age, sex, race, interval of time between the onset of the pain and admission in the Emergency Unit, type of the acute coronary event and complications. EPI Info-6 was used as a Statistical Package to the control of data and statistical analysis. The informed consent was requested to the patients. The disease prevailed in Caucasian, 60 years old or older men. Being Acute Unstable Angina with electrocardiographic changes was the coronary syndrome mostly diagnosed, followed by Acute Myocardial Infarction. Most of the patients attended to the hospital before the 6 hours of the onset of the precordial pain. The heart failure, malignant ventricular arrhythmias and the atrioventricular block were the most frequent complications and the ones provoking a greater mortality rate.

Key words: Acute Coronary Syndromes/Epidemiology

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Copyright (c) 1969 Bernardo Cruz Ledesma, Ariel E. Delgado Rodríguez, Irene C. Pastrana Román, Carlos Brown Sotolongo, William Quintero Pérez

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